cirebon cullinary 
Language is a changing system of communication viewed as unstable; language variation and change are worth looking at carefully, as they are a part of the language system. One language variety that we could examine was Gintungranjeng, a local language variety that differs in both semantics and epistemology from the standard Bahasa Indonesian language. Through this writing, the author will attempt to account for the distinguishing varieties of these changes and realize the system of language, or systems of language, of Gintungranjeng variation.
1. Phonological language study
In the phonology aspect of variation in the Gintungranjeng variety, numerous sound changes depend on syllable structure, such as the lenition of consonants, the shifting of vowels, and deletion. For a simple example, the word “Abu” with a phoneme /b/ shifts to /w/, creating the word “Awu,” indicating the process of lenition or weakening of the consonant once again. There are also examples of deletion; for instance, the /h/ is entirely dropped with the addition of “Hapus” and “Hati” being deleted to create “Apus” and “Ati.” With the word “Benar,” the vowel shifts slightly to become “Bener”; this is more of a dialect variation. The word “Jahit” also undergoes deletion, shortened to “Jait,” which drops a vowel for ease of tongue pronunciation.
2. Morphological language study
At the morphological level, Gintungranjeng variations show the word formation process through affixation and reduplication. One of its characteristics is using nasal prefixes such as “nge-” and “ng-” in active verbs. For example, the word “Bakar” becomes “Ngebakar,” “Minum” becomes “Nginum,” and “Hitung” becomes “Ngitung.” This process shows a pattern of adding nasal prefixes to mark active verbs in local varieties. Meanwhile, reduplication is also used to emphasize collective meaning, such as in “Kami” or “Kita,” which becomes “Kita Kita.”
3. Lexical
In a lexical sense, the varieties of Gintungranjeng also have significant changes in form. Some words in Indonesian were entirely replaced by another term with no formal relationship, like “Akar” changing to “Pang pang,” which indicates the total form and means change. Also, meaning change does occur through semantic expansion, like “Daging,” which becomes “Iwak,” where the word “Iwak,” when used concerning Gintungranjeng, may have a much broader meaning than simply “meat.” Some changes are direct synonyms, like “Bunga” becoming “Kembang.” There are changes in the style or register of greeting; for example, “Ibu” changes to “Mimi,” which is more familiar and used in the family context.
Overall, changes in accessibility, lexical, and morphological character in Gintungranjeng illustrate a well-defined and regular local language system. Although different from standard Indonesian, these changes occur with regularity and predictability, such as simplifying sounds, adjustment of meanings to the social context, and productivity in word formation, and do not occur randomly. Thus, variation of the dialect indicates and demonstrates the wealth of local languages possessed by the Gintungranjeng-speaking people, which is also a crucial factor in the preservation of regional language and dialect culture.
This study thus demonstrates that regional languages apply systematic, linguistically understood change and variation that is often more valuable than standard versions of national languages (such as Indonesian). The variability is important to document as an effort to expand and develop the language and contribute to the ongoing study of sociolinguistics and historical linguistics in Indonesia. Gintungranjeng not only contributes to local identity but also promotes diversity, which adds to the balance of the currency of the language treasury in Indonesia.
